Wherefore art thou competitors?
- Author(s)
- Yi Liu, Adam W. Stivers, Ryan O. Murphy, Niels J. Van Doesum, Jeff Joireman, Marcello Gallucci, Efrat Aharonov-Majar, Ursula Athenstaedt, Liying Bai, Robert Böhm, Nancy R. Buchan, Xiao-Ping Chen, Kitty B. Dumont, Jan B. Engelmann, Kimmo Eriksson, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Justin Friesen, Simon Gachter, Camilo Garcia, Roberto Gonzalez, Sylvie Graf, Katarzyna Growiec, Martina Hrebickova, Gokhan Karagonlar, Toko Kiyonari, Yu Kou, D. Michael Kuhlman, Siugmin Lay, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Norman P. Li, Yang Li, Boris Maciejovsky, Zoi Manesi, Ali Mashuri, Aurelia Mok, Karin S. Moser, Adrian Netedu, Chandrasekhar Pammi, Michael J. Platow, Christopher P. Reinders Folmer, Cecilia Reyna, Claudia Simao, Sonja Utz, Leander van der Meij, Sven Waldzus, Yiwen Wang, Bernd Weber, Ori Weisel, Tim Wildschut, Fabian Winter, Junhui Wu, Jose C. Yong, Paul A. M. Van Lange
- Abstract
The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure (“sliding” between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others’ outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple Dominance Measure, accounting for approximately one-third of the non-correspondence between the two measures. This is (partially) because many of the Slider items do not afford a competitive option. In items where competition is combined with individualism, competitors tended to make the same choices as individualists. Futhermore, we demonstrated the uniqueness of competitors. Compared to prosocials and individualists, competitors exhibited lower levels of both social mindfulness and trust. Overall, the present work highlights the importance of situational affordances in measuring personality, the benefits of distinguishing between individualists and competitors, and the importance of utilizing a measure that distinguishes between these two proself orientations.
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology
- External organisation(s)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gonzaga University, Universität Zürich (UZH), Leiden University, Washington State University, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Fuzhou University, University of Copenhagen, University of South Carolina, Columbia, University of Washington, University of South Africa (UNISA), Tinbergen Institute, Mälardalen University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU), University of Winnipeg, University of Nottingham, Universidad Veracruzana, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Czech Academy of Sciences, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Dokuz Eylül University, University of Edinburgh, Beijing Normal University, University of Delaware, University of Toronto, Singapore Management University, Nagoya University, University of California, Irvine, University of Brawijaya, City University of Hong Kong (CityU), University of Queensland, UniDistance Switzerland, Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza“ Iași, University of Allahabad, Australian National University, Ghent University , University of Amsterdam (UvA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Scientific Working Group in Smoking Cessation (WAT) e.V., Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany., Eindhoven University of Technology, Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Tel Aviv University, University of Southampton, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), James Cook University, Universität zu Köln
- Journal
- European Journal of Personality
- No. of pages
- 22
- ISSN
- 0890-2070
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070241298850
- Publication date
- 2024
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 501021 Social psychology
- Keywords
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/a715e367-6dc0-416f-b167-e1ef55f0f837